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La Brugeoise cars (Buenos Aires Underground)
''La Brugeoise cars'' were Buenos Aires Underground (''Subte'') Line A rolling stock since its inauguration in 1913 till 2013 when replaced by new Chinese stock. They were built by Belgian railway rolling stock manufacturer ''La Brugeoise, et Nicaise, et Delcuve'' between 1911 and 1919 for the Anglo-Argentine Tramways Company's (''Compañía de Tranvías Anglo-Argentina'', CTAA in Spanish) first underground line. They were originally designed to run both as metro and tramway cars, but they were refurbished in 1927 for underground use only. They were the oldest Underground rolling stock in commercial service in the world 〔(enelSubte.com ) - (La línea A avanza hasta los años ochenta ) (Spanish only)〕 as well as a tourist attraction and part of Buenos Aires cultural heritage.
== Technical information ==
The La Brugeoise trains were designed to run using either 550 VDC - as surface tramways did until the system was eradicated in 1962- or 1,100 VDC in the tunnel. Traction is controlled through a 9-power run (originally 11-power run) handle, known as the "controller", the motorman spins anticlockwise to increase acceleration. Its loose end is fitted with the dead man's switch, a button-shaped mechanism that allows the motorman to enable or cut current flow to the motors in normal conditions. This system was also meant to serve as an emergency train stop: if anything should prevent the motorman from keeping this button pressed, the train will automatically stop accelerating.〔Scartaccini, Alejandro, "(Los coches de la línea A del subterráneo porteño ) (Spanish only) Information and photografs herein reproduced thanks to the author's kind permission"〕
In normal driving conditions, braking is entirely achieved by means of a traditional air brake system. Because of their long life-span, La Brugeoise trains use custom-made brake shoes made of hard wood embedded with creosote for additional resistance. Friction between the steel wheels and the brake shoes releases a peculiar fragrance Line A is known for among ''porteños'' (as Buenos Aires inhabitants call themselves) and tourists. The emergency brakes operation is entirely mechanical: the motorman applies them by spinning a wheel located on the right-hand side of the driving cab, tensing up a chain connected to the brake mechanism. If emergency brakes are engaged for more than 10 seconds, current flow to traction motors and auxiliary equipment is interrupted by the main fuse.〔Ciarleglio, Gonzalo "(El taller Polvorín, centro de la historia del Subte )", enelSubte.com, August 28, 2009 (Spanish only)〕
The trains were equipped with mechanical ATS at the CTAA's workshops. Initially, train traffic in Line A was controlled using manually operated signalling. In the mid-1920s this system was automated by Siemens, including also the installation of mechanical ATS and traffic lights. Each train was fitted with two levers -called ''anthennas''- on top of each driving cab, which are lowered by train stops fixed to the tunnel's wall in case a train passes by a red light, thus applying the brakes and cutting off traction current flow. By 2010, train stops are automatically controlled by digital signal system ATP (''Automatic Train Protection'') developed and installed by Alstom.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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